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the production process of Portland cement has major environmental drawbacks, as it is responsible for 8% of global CO2 emissions (4 billion tons per year). Therefore, it seems necessary to use an alternative to conventional cements (Portland). In recent years, geopolymer has been introduced as a new and environmentally friendly cement agent to replace Portland cement. Geopolymersare ceramic-like inorganic polymersthat that are generally produced below 100ºC at low temperatures.  They consist of chains or networks of mineral molecules linked with covalent bonds. The raw materials are mainly minerals of geological origin, hence the name “geopolymer”.Two methods of geopolymer synthesis are more common between the created methods, synthesis by alkaline medium (Na+, K+, Li+, Ca++, Cs+ and the like) and acidic milieu (phosphoric acid, organic carboxylic acids). The alkaline route is the most important, so far. NMR spectroscopy provides data on the molecular structure and polymeric character. Scientific observations show that the geopolymerization mechanism starts with polycondensation of oligomers and eventually becomes a polysilate structure consisting of unique nanoparticles (which are well processed and have a size of 5 to 40 nm).  In this paper, we have tried to compare the process of polymerization, geopolymer cement production, comparison with common Portland cement and finally its applications and properties.

Keywords: Geopolymer, alkaline activator, aluminasilic source, inorganic polymers

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